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Urban-Rural Disparities on Psychological Responses and Composes of Airborne
Infection Outbreaks Among Indonesian Residents

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Y. Yodang, N. Nuridah, S. Kiik, H. Hamka, A. Fauji, R. Pratiewi, and Y. Fitrina 6
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Faculty of Science and Technology/School of Nursing, Universitas Sembilabelas November Kolaka, Indonesia,
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School of Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Maranatha, Kupang, Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine/School of
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Nursing, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia, School of Nursing, Universitas Bani Saleh Bekasi, Indonesia,
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School of Nursing, Universitas Bina Sehat PPNI Mojokerto, Indonesia, and School of Nursing, Universitas
Mohammad Natsir Bukittinggi, Indonesia
Background: The COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) outbreak has been widely spread all over the
world include Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic changes naturally normal life, and all communities
were following all advices and subsequent legal enforcement of physical isolation or physical
distancing, social gathering restriction to avoid contamination and transmission. During the outbreaks
there are some regulation implemented and these may affect the psychological wellbeing among
residents.

Objective: This study aims to identify characteristics and disparities among urban-rural Indonesian
Oral Presentation Abstracts
residents on psychological responses and composes.

Methods: this is an online survey conducted through social media apps, and used snowball sampling
method. Study conducted from June to December 2020. A 32-items questionnaire was used that consist
of socio-demographic data, psychological responses and composes domains. Data analysed using
univariate (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), and bivariate for socio-demographic
data and psychological responses using the Chi-square test with significant value is < 0.05.

Results: there are 427 participants who voluntarily evolved in this study, were predominantly < 31 years
old (63.2%, mean 29.27 and SD 9.21), women (65.1%), live in urban area (44.7%), have higher educational
background (83.6%), university students (37%), Moslem (88.8%), never married (54.1%), 378 out of all
participants have psychological distress (88.5%). According to statistical analysis using Chi-square
test found that there is no disparities among participants about their psychological distress (p-value
0.73). The participants compose such as reading book (70.3%), watching movie (81.7%), cleaning the
house (94.6%), listening music (77.3%), social media engagement (88.3%), work from home (74.2%),
seminar online (69.3%), study online (61.1%), and online training (37.9%).

Conclusion: airborne infection outbreaks have impact on psychological distress among the Indonesian
residents who living in rural, semi-urban, and urban areas due to the effect of the disease and regulation.
There are some changes in the everyday life during the outbreaks.

Keywords: composes, COVID-19, psychological responses, urban-rural disparities

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Correspondence: Yodang Yodang, Faculty of Science and Technology/School of Nursing, Universitas
Sembilabelas November Kolaka, Indonesia
E-mail: yodang.usnkolaka@gmail.com

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