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Effectiveness of Parenting Practice Interventions of Primary Caregivers to
Promote the Development of Early Childhood: An Integrative Review

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C. Boonlue, J. Chotibang, P. Klunklin, and D. Tamdee 1
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Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand

Background: Early children, especially in low-middle-income countries, are at risk for delayed development.
Primary caregivers play a vital role in providing effective parenting practices for their children to promote optimal
early childhood development. An updated review is required to offer insights into the effectiveness of parenting
practice interventions and factors contributing to their success.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of interventions for enhancing parenting practices of primary
caregivers to promote development of early childhood

Methods: Five stages of the integrative review methodology of Whittemore and Knafl were used: 1) problem
identification, 2) literature search, 3) data evaluation, 4) data analysis, and 5) presentation of the results.
From 2013 to 2023, five electronic databases were searched for intervention studies aimed at improving
parenting practices or behaviors of primary caregivers to promote the development of children aged
1-6 years. Studies involving children with chronic illnesses, cognitive disorders, or psychiatric problems
were excluded. Studies were evaluated using the revised American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
evidence-rating system.

Results: This integrative review comprised 14 studies: ten randomized controlled trials (Level B), three
quasi-experiments (Level C), and one mixed-methods study (Level C). The interventions included
multiple and interacting components. Three categories of interventions were identified: skill development,
psychoeducation, and parent-child interaction interventions. The interventions were delivered through
many methods: support groups, home visits, group discussions, and online learning. Most interventions
had positive effects on improving parenting practices, promoting at least one aspect of early childhood
Poster Presentation Abstracts
development, and decreasing children’s behavioral problems. Factors contributing to effective
interventions included active involvement of stakeholders, family member engagement, collaborative
processes, and well-trained intervention leaders.

Conclusion: Findings can be useful for formulating suitable, acceptable, and practicable parenting practice
interventions. Future research should be conducted to develop interventions that involve stakeholders and family
members to strengthen parenting practices of primary caregivers to promote development of early childhood.

Keywords: early childhood development, integrative review, parenting practices

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Correspondence: Jutamas Chotibang, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
E-mail: jutamas.c@cmu.ac.th

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