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Self-efficacy Empowering Program for Caregivers of Children Under 5 Years Old
with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Based on D-METHOD: Integrative Review

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W. Chanpanit and P. Siripoon 1

Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
1

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children under 5 years old are common and can
encompass a variety of illnesses affecting the airways and lungs. LRTIs can range from mild to severe,
with complications potentially leading to hospitalization and significant morbidity. Early recognition of
symptoms, prompt medical evaluation, and appropriate management are crucial in reducing the impact
of LRTIs on children’s health.

Objective: Promoting caregivers’ self-efficacy based on D-METHOD includes education about the
child’s condition and treatment, providing practical skills training, and offering ongoing support and
encouragement can significantly enhance their ability to provide effective care at home, improve
outcomes for children recovering from LRTIs and reduce the burden on healthcare systems by
minimizing

Methods: The Integrative review of the literature from CINAHL, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus and
Cochrane databases from 2015 to 2023 using the Joanna Briggs Institute approach was conducted.
The search keywords included pediatric, lower respiratory infection, self-efficacy program, and
caregivers. A total of 271 research reports were found, and 19 studies were selected to study the
self-efficacy enhancement program for caregivers of children under 5 years old with lower respiratory
tract infections based on D-METHOD.

Results: The program consisted of 2 activities: 1) enhancing self-efficacy of caregivers of children
under 5 years old with lower respiratory tract infections based on D-METHOD by learning from 4
sources of self-efficacy: enactive mastery experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and
Poster Presentation Abstracts
physiological and affective states and 2) demonstrating care practices in 5 areas: handwashing
practice, tepid sponge, use of masks, nasal clearance techniques, and nebulization.

Conclusion: This integrative review resulted in the development of a self-efficacy enhancement
program for caregivers of children under 5 years old with lower respiratory tract infections based on
D-METHOD, which will be validated by five experts before being used in further research.

Keywords: self-efficacy, program for caregiver of children, D-method

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Correspondence: Waraporn Chanpanit, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
E-mail: waraporn.chan@kkumail.com

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