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Application of Cognitive Interviewing in the Development of Nurses’ Performance
for Enhancing Patient Participation Scale

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L. Zhu and P. Thungjaroenkul 1

Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
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Background: During the process of scale development, there may be misunderstanding between the
developer and the target population, which will affect the accuracy of data collection.

Objective: To adjust the items of the Nurses’ Performance for Enhancing Patient Participation Scale
using the cognitive interview.

Methods: A purposive sampling method was used to select 30 registered nurses from the Sichuan
Provincial People’s hospital in Chengdu City, Sichuan, China, from January to February 2024 to attend
three rounds of cognitive interviews. The interview data were collected, and coded using the Question
Appraisal System (QAS-99), and after the coding results were collated, the scale items were adjusted
by integrating respondent feedback and expert panel comments.
Oral Presentation Abstracts
Results: During the 1st round of interview, interviewees raised doubts on 18 items, among which six were
due to wording, nine were due to vague expressions, three were due to lack of inadequate knowledge,
and two was due to the difficulty in recalling. And some of the items were revised after discussion. The
results of the 2nd round of interview showed that one items was assumed to be inappropriate and
was revised after discussion. The 3rd round of interview continued until the interviewees were able to
understand the items correctly, and they thought that there was no need to further revise the items.

Conclusion: The cognitive interview effectively solved the problem of understanding differences
between the developer and registered nurse in the development of Nurses’ Performance for
Enhancing Patient Participation Scale, thus improving the accuracy and applicability of the scale.

Keywords: cognitive interview, nurses’ performance for enhancing patient participation

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Correspondence: Petsunee Thungjaroenkul, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
E-mail: petsunee@gmail.com

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